ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Prosthesis simulation is critical for maxillofacial defects caused by maxillofacial tumor and trauma. Few studies have been reported on the vermilion color, much less the correlation between facial skin color and vermilion color. OBJECTIVE: To collect thecolorimetric values of human vermilion and facial skin, so as to determine the colorimetric value range and its relevance.. METHODS: The colorimetric values of vermilion and facial skin in 202 volunteers were measured by Japanese Konica Minolta CM-700d spectrophotometer, L* (brightness), a* (from –a* (green) to +a* (red)), b* (from –b*(yellow) to +a* (blue)) values were surveyed and calculated, and then analyzed with CIELAB color system. The correlation betweencolorimetric values of the vermilion and cheek skin color was analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the vermilion color in 202 volunteers, L* value was 53.25±3.42, a* value was 11.19±1.70, and b* valuewas 8.77±2.12; for the cheek skin color, L* value was 61.87±3.59, a* value was 7.21±1.29, and b* value was 12.98±1.64. L* value of thevermilion was negatively correlated with its a* value, positively correlated with its b* value, positively correlated with L* value of cheek skin andnegatively correlated with a* value of the cheek skin. a* value of the vermilion was positively correlated with a* value of the cheek skin. b*value of the vermilion was positively correlated with b* value of the cheek skin. L* value of the cheek skin was positively correlated with b*value of the vermilion, and negatively correlated with its a* value. a* value of the cheek skin was negatively correlated with b* value of thevermilion, and negatively correlated with its b* value. In summary, we preliminarily determine the colorimetric value range of the facial skin andvermilion, as well as their relevance, which provide a basis for prosthesis production and choice of colors in clinic.
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BACKGROUND:Hydroxyapatite is the main mineral component of bone and teeth.It is non-immunogenic and osteoinductive and suitable for bone repair.Strontium and calcium are cognate elements in the periodic table of elements and it has been proved that strontium has dual effects,namely,osteogenic promotion and suppression of osteoclast activity.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the preparation of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite and its biological properties.METHODS:The first author searched the PubMed database for related literature from 1990 to 2017.The key words were "strontium;substituted;doped;containing;hydroxyapatite".The literatures obtained were screened,and the irrelevant and repetitive literatures were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The preparation methods of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite include liquid-phase method (hydrothermal method,acid-base neutralization and sol-gel method) and solid-phase method (mechanochemical method).In addition,strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite coating can be produced by electrochemical deposition and micro-arc oxidation.The introduction of strontium significantly modifies the crystal size,crystallinity,solubility and mechanical properties,and improves the biocompatibility,pro-osteogenesis and osteoclast inhibition of hydroxyapatite,but the optimal proportion of strontium needs to be further explored.Furthermore,the immune-regulation and osteogenic properties under pathological conditions of strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite need to be further improved.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of biopsy and Kyphoplasty in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fracture nonunion, and to explore the clinical characteristics of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2005 to May 2010, the clinical data of 8 patients with nonunion of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures were studied. There were 3 males and 5 females, with the mean age of 73.5 years (range, 65 - 86 years). The fracture vertebrae were 3 cases in T(12), 4 in L(1), and 1 in L(2). All cases received radiography, CT and MRI examination. All patients were treated by using Kyphoplasty. Five patients were performed bone biopsy successfully, 3 patients were failed. The curative effect was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior vertebral height restoration at preoperative, postoperative and followed-up time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients tolerated the procedure well with immediate relief of back pain after Kyphoplasty. No severe complications were found in all patients. Three cases had the pathologic appearance of sequestrum, 2 cases were sparse cancellous bone, 3 cases were abortive to biopsy. All the patients were followed up of 22.6 months (range, 3 - 37 months), the VAS was 9.5 before operation, 2.1 at the third day postoperatively, there were significant difference between the two phase (P < 0.05), and 2.3 at last follow-up, there were no difference between postoperation and follow-up phase (P > 0.05). And the height of compressed body recovered markedly. The vertebral height had a recovery rate of 67.2% postoperatively, 64.1% and at last follow-up, there were no difference between the two phase (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kyphoplasty is an effective and safe method in the treatment of osteoporotic throacolumbar vertebral fracture nonunion. Bone biopsy can play a further role of differential diagnosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy , Follow-Up Studies , Fractures, Compression , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Kyphoplasty , Methods , Osteoporosis , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fractures , Diagnosis , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of keyhole partial laminectomy and tapping technique combined blindly transpedicular screw placement in cervical spine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Keyhole partial laminectomy and tapping technique combined blindly transpedicular screw placement, was introduced. It was performed in 40 patients. The fusion and screw position were observed in postoperative X-ray and CT, and the breach of pedicle were evaluated. Neurological improvement was followed up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-one cases were followed up, the mean follow-up period was 35 months. 28 cases screw fixation firmly and fusion completely, 3 cases fusion partly and no screw loosening. only 6.74% had a critical breach. Neurological function were improved in 29 cases of spinal cord injuries, only critical complication in one case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Keyhole partial laminectomy and tapping technique. combined blind placement is one of most usefull, feasible and safe procedures in transpedicular screw placement of the cervical spine.</p>